Bronze Orange Bugs

 


Bronze orange bugs (Alusgraveia sulciveniris), pests of coastal citrus trees, feed by puncturing the tissues and extracting the sap, causing the young shoots to wilt. The foliage may become scorched and spotted by their corrosive excretions. Where heavy infestations occur, the trees may become denuded of foliage, the flower and fruit-stalks may he attacked and the crop lost.

The eggs are laid on the leaves, in groups of about fourteen. They hatch in about 8 to 14 days during January, February and March. The first stage nymphal bugs remain near the empty egg shells, but do not feed.

A few days later, they cast their skins and enter their second stage, and remain, inactive on the trees, throughout the winter. In this stage, they are flattened and almost transparent and are refe.red to popularly as being in their " tissue paper " stage. They settle on the undersurfaces of the leaves, sometimes singly, sometimes in sufficient numbers to cover almost the whole of the leaf surface.

Second stage bugs are not active until about the end of August or early September, when they commence to feed on the succulent new leaves. They become distended, and after feeding for three or four weeks, cast their skins to enter their third nymphal stage, feed for about three weeks, and again cast their skins to enter their fourth stage. Later, the bugs again cast their skins and enter their fifth nymphal or pre-adult stage, being very active, feeding voraciously, and readily discharging their " buggy-smelling " caustic fluid.

Winged adults begin to appear on the trees in December and may be found throughout the summer. Most of these, however, will have deposited their eggs and died by about the beginning of April.

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